Rock steady music emerged in Jamaica in the late 1960s as a successor to ska. Characterized by its slower tempos, soulful vocals, and intricate basslines, rock steady provided the foundation for reggae. This genre, though short-lived (1966-1968), left an indelible mark on Jamaican music history. This guide delves into the heart of rock steady, exploring its origins, key artists, and enduring influence.
The vibrant rock steady music scene in Jamaica during the late 1960s.
The Birth of Rock Steady: A Cultural Shift
Jamaica’s independence in 1962 initially fueled the upbeat ska scene. However, by the mid-1960s, socio-economic realities led to disillusionment and the rise of “rude boy” culture. This shift coincided with a scorching heatwave in 1966, making the energetic ska dances unbearable. Musicians responded by slowing down the tempo, creating a smoother, more soulful sound that was perfect for the intimate dance halls. This marked the birth of rock steady. The slower rhythms allowed for greater instrumental improvisation, particularly from the bass and drums, adding a new dimension to Jamaican music. To understand the evolution, compare Justin Hinds and the Dominoes’ ska version of “Carry Go Bring Come” with their later rock steady rendition:
Listen to “Carry Go Bring Come” (Ska Version)
Listen to “Carry Go Bring Come” (Rock Steady Version)
The difference in tempo and rhythmic emphasis is striking.
Rock Steady’s Defining Voices: The Singers
Rock steady’s soulful sound was driven by a cohort of talented vocalists who captured the spirit of the era. These artists addressed social issues, celebrated love, and chronicled the realities of Jamaican life.
Alton Ellis: The Godfather of Rock Steady
Alton Ellis, with his smooth vocals and prolific songwriting, earned the title “Godfather of Rock Steady.” His hits like “Cry Tough,” “Dance Crasher,” and “The Preacher” often condemned rude boy violence, contrasting with artists who romanticized the subculture. Explore his classic albums like Mr. Soul of Jamaica and Sings Rock and Soul to experience the depth of his artistry.
Alton Ellis’s seminal album “Mr. Soul of Jamaica” captured the essence of rock steady.
Prince Buster: The Voice of the People
Prince Buster, a multi-talented singer, songwriter, and producer, captured the complexities of rude boy culture with satirical tracks like “Judge Dread.” This song, and its sequels, humorously addressed the harsh realities of the Jamaican justice system and resonated with the youth. His album Fabulous Greatest Hits offers a comprehensive overview of his rock steady contributions.
Other Notable Rock Steady Singers
The rock steady scene was rich with talent. Derrick Morgan, known for his powerful vocals and hits like “Tougher Than Tough,” provided another perspective on rude boy culture. Hopeton Lewis, credited with recording the first true Rock Steady Song, “Take It Easy,” laid the foundation for the genre’s sound. Desmond Dekker achieved international success with his rock steady hit “007 (Shanty Town),” bridging the gap between Jamaican music and global audiences. Ken Boothe, with his soulful voice and smooth delivery, became known as “Mr. Rock Steady.” Phyllis Dillon, one of the genre’s leading female voices, captivated listeners with her emotional depth and expressive vocals. Delroy Wilson, a child prodigy turned rock steady icon, showcased his vocal prowess on hits like “Rain From The Skies.” Derrick Harriott, both a singer and producer, contributed significantly to the genre’s development with his label, Crystal Records. Finally, Slim Smith, with his emotive vocals and heartfelt lyrics, is considered one of rock steady’s most talented yet tragic figures.
The Enduring Legacy of Rock Steady
Though brief, rock steady’s impact was profound. It paved the way for reggae, influencing its rhythmic foundation and lyrical themes. The genre’s emphasis on social commentary and cultural reflection continues to resonate with music lovers worldwide. By exploring the music of these iconic artists, you can appreciate the depth and significance of rock steady’s contribution to Jamaican music and its lasting influence on global culture.
