River rock is a fantastic choice for adding natural beauty and functionality to your landscape, and understanding How Much River Rock Is In A Ton is key to planning your project effectively. At rockscapes.net, we help homeowners, landscape designers, and contractors estimate river rock needs accurately for various applications, ensuring you purchase the right amount. Dive in and discover how to calculate the quantity of river rock needed, explore different types and sizes, and gain insights into their uses in landscaping, including drainage solutions and decorative ground cover, plus how to enhance your projects by combining materials like pea gravel and landscape fabric.
1. How Much Area Will A Ton Of River Rock Cover?
A ton of river rock typically covers between 50 and 75 square feet, but several factors can influence this.
Several factors affect the coverage of a ton of river rock, including the size of the rocks, the depth of the layer, and the specific application. Smaller river rocks will generally cover a larger area than larger ones, as they pack together more tightly. The depth to which you spread the rocks also significantly impacts coverage; a deeper layer will require more material and thus cover less area. Moreover, the intended use of the river rock—whether for drainage, ground cover, or decorative purposes—can affect the desired depth and, consequently, the coverage area. Understanding these variables is crucial for accurately estimating how much river rock you need for your project, preventing both shortages and excess material. For example, a landscape project requiring a thick layer for erosion control will need more river rock per square foot compared to a purely decorative application with a thin layer.
2. What Factors Influence How Much River Rock I Need Per Square Foot?
Several key factors influence the amount of river rock needed per square foot, and understanding these variables ensures you purchase the correct quantity for your project.
-
Rock Size: The size of the river rock significantly affects how much you need. Smaller rocks, such as those around 1-2 inches, will pack more densely, requiring less volume per square foot compared to larger rocks, which might range from 3-5 inches. Larger rocks create more voids and require a greater overall volume to achieve the same level of coverage.
-
Layer Depth: The depth to which you spread the river rock directly impacts the quantity required. A shallow layer of 2 inches will naturally need less material than a deeper layer of 4 inches. Consider the function of the rock layer; for drainage or weed suppression, a deeper layer is generally more effective.
-
Rock Shape and Density: River rocks vary in shape from rounded to more angular. Rounded rocks tend to pack more efficiently, whereas angular rocks can create larger gaps. Additionally, the density of the rock material itself influences the weight per volume, affecting how much rock you need to achieve the desired coverage and stability.
-
Subgrade Condition: The existing condition of the subgrade (the soil beneath the rock layer) can also play a role. If the subgrade is uneven or soft, it might require a thicker layer of river rock to establish a stable and level surface, thus increasing the overall amount of rock needed.
-
Intended Use: The purpose of the river rock installation—whether for aesthetic ground cover, functional drainage, or erosion control—will dictate the optimal depth and, therefore, the quantity required. For instance, a drainage bed might need a thicker layer than a decorative border.
3. How Do I Calculate The Amount Of River Rock Needed For My Project?
Calculating the amount of river rock needed for your project involves a few simple steps to ensure you purchase the right quantity without overspending or running short.
-
Measure the Area:
- For square or rectangular areas, measure the length and width in feet, then multiply these figures to get the area in square feet.
- For circular areas, measure the radius (the distance from the center to the edge), square it (multiply it by itself), and then multiply the result by pi (approximately 3.14159). This gives you the area in square feet.
-
Determine the Desired Depth:
- Decide how deep you want the river rock layer to be, typically measured in inches. Convert this measurement to feet by dividing by 12. For example, a 3-inch depth is 3/12 = 0.25 feet.
-
Calculate the Volume:
- Multiply the area (in square feet) by the desired depth (in feet) to get the volume in cubic feet.
-
Convert to Tons:
- River rock is usually sold by weight, so you need to convert the volume to weight. The weight of river rock varies, but a general estimate is around 100 pounds per cubic foot. Multiply the volume in cubic feet by 100 to get the total weight in pounds.
- Since there are 2,000 pounds in a ton, divide the total weight in pounds by 2,000 to find out how many tons of river rock you need.
-
Account for Waste:
- It’s always a good idea to add a small percentage (5-10%) to your calculation to account for settling, uneven spreading, or waste.
-
Consider Rock Size:
- Remember, smaller rocks pack more densely, so if you’re using larger rocks, you might need slightly more to achieve the same coverage and depth.
-
Consult a Professional:
- If you’re unsure about any step, especially for larger or more complex projects, consulting with a landscaping professional at rockscapes.net can provide accurate estimates and prevent costly errors.
Here's an example calculation:
- If you’re unsure about any step, especially for larger or more complex projects, consulting with a landscaping professional at rockscapes.net can provide accurate estimates and prevent costly errors.
Area: A rectangular area measuring 20 feet long and 10 feet wide.
Area Calculation: 20 ft x 10 ft = 200 square feet.
Desired Depth: 3 inches (0.25 feet).
Volume Calculation: 200 sq ft x 0.25 ft = 50 cubic feet.
Weight Calculation: 50 cubic feet x 100 lbs/cubic foot = 5000 pounds.
Tons Needed: 5000 pounds / 2000 pounds/ton = 2.5 tons.
Waste Allowance: Add 10% for waste: 2.5 tons x 0.10 = 0.25 tons.
Total River Rock Needed: 2.5 tons + 0.25 tons = 2.75 tons.
By following these steps, you can accurately estimate the amount of river rock needed for your project, ensuring you stay within budget and achieve the desired results.
**4. What Are The Different Sizes And Types Of River Rock Available?**
River rock comes in a variety of sizes and types, each offering unique aesthetic and functional benefits for landscaping projects.
* **Sizes:**
* **Small (1/2 inch to 1 inch):** Ideal for pathways, small ground cover areas, and as a base for pavers. They provide a smooth, comfortable surface for walking.
* **Medium (1 inch to 2 inches):** Versatile for garden beds, decorative accents around plants, and erosion control. They strike a balance between aesthetic appeal and functionality.
* **Large (2 inches to 5 inches):** Best suited for drainage solutions, retaining walls, and creating a more dramatic, natural look in larger landscape areas.
* **Extra Large (5 inches and up):** Often used as focal points in landscapes, for creating dry creek beds, or as decorative boulders.
* **Types:**
* **Mexican Beach Pebbles:** Smooth, rounded stones with a dark gray to black color. They provide a sleek, modern look and are excellent for water features and contemporary gardens.
* **Arizona River Rock:** A mix of colors including browns, tans, and reds, offering a warm, natural appearance. Ideal for Southwestern-style landscapes and dry river beds.
* **Rainbow River Rock:** Characterized by a vibrant mix of colors, including reds, purples, and greens, adding a lively touch to gardens and water features.
* **Tan River Rock:** Predominantly tan and beige tones, providing a neutral, earthy look. Suitable for a wide range of landscaping styles, blending seamlessly with various plants and structures.
* **White River Rock:** Offers a bright, clean aesthetic, perfect for highlighting garden features or creating a minimalist landscape design.
* **Black River Rock:** Provides a dramatic contrast to greenery and lighter-colored elements in the landscape, often used in modern and Asian-inspired gardens.
When selecting river rock, consider the overall design of your landscape, the specific function the rocks will serve, and the desired aesthetic. At rockscapes.net, you can explore a diverse selection of river rock to find the perfect match for your project.
**5. What Are The Best Uses For River Rock In Landscaping?**
River rock is incredibly versatile and can enhance your landscape in numerous ways, both functionally and aesthetically.
* **Drainage:**
* River rock is highly effective for improving drainage around foundations, in French drains, and in areas prone to waterlogging. Its irregular shape creates ample space for water to flow freely, preventing pooling and potential damage to structures and plants.
* **Erosion Control:**
* On slopes and embankments, river rock can prevent soil erosion by holding the soil in place and reducing the impact of rainfall. This is particularly useful in areas with steep grades or where vegetation is sparse.
* **Ground Cover:**
* As an alternative to mulch, river rock provides a durable and low-maintenance ground cover. It helps retain soil moisture, suppress weed growth, and regulate soil temperature, benefiting plant health.
* **Decorative Accents:**
* River rock can be used to create visually appealing borders around gardens, pathways, and water features. It adds texture and color contrast, enhancing the overall aesthetic of the landscape.
* **Pathways and Walkways:**
* River rock can be used to create informal pathways and walkways, providing a natural and rustic look. Smaller sizes are ideal for creating a comfortable walking surface.
* **Water Features:**
* River rock is a natural fit for water features such as ponds, streams, and fountains. It creates a natural-looking streambed, provides habitat for aquatic life, and enhances the sound of flowing water.
* **Dry Creek Beds:**
* Dry creek beds made with river rock add visual interest and can help manage stormwater runoff. They mimic the look of a natural stream and can direct water away from vulnerable areas.
* **Xeriscaping:**
* In arid and semi-arid regions, river rock is an excellent choice for xeriscaping, a landscaping method that requires little to no irrigation. It helps conserve water by reducing evaporation and minimizing the need for watering.
By incorporating river rock into your landscape, you can achieve a beautiful and functional outdoor space that requires minimal upkeep and provides long-lasting benefits. Rockscapes.net offers a wide variety of river rock to suit any landscaping need.
**6. How Does River Rock Help With Drainage Issues?**
River rock is an excellent material for addressing drainage issues in your yard due to its unique properties that promote effective water flow and prevent water accumulation.
1. **Permeability:**
* River rock's irregular shape creates numerous voids and air pockets between the stones. These spaces allow water to flow freely through the rock layer, preventing it from pooling on the surface.
2. **Reduced Soil Compaction:**
* When used as a ground cover, river rock helps reduce soil compaction caused by rainfall and foot traffic. This maintains the soil's natural ability to absorb water, improving overall drainage.
3. **French Drains:**
* River rock is commonly used in French drains, which are trenches filled with gravel or rock that redirect surface and subsurface water away from structures or low-lying areas. The rock allows water to seep into the trench and flow along its length, discharging it to a more suitable location.
4. **Foundation Drainage:**
* Placing river rock around the foundation of a building helps to channel water away from the walls, reducing the risk of water damage and basement flooding. This is especially important in areas with heavy rainfall or poor soil drainage.
5. **Surface Runoff Management:**
* River rock can be used to create dry creek beds that capture and redirect surface runoff during rainstorms. These creek beds act as natural drainage channels, preventing erosion and water accumulation in unwanted areas.
6. **Rain Gardens:**
* River rock is often incorporated into rain gardens, which are shallow depressions designed to collect and filter rainwater. The rock layer helps to slow down the flow of water, allowing it to be absorbed by the soil and plants, reducing runoff and pollution.
7. **Erosion Control:**
* On slopes and hillsides, river rock can prevent soil erosion by dissipating the energy of flowing water. The rocks act as a barrier, protecting the soil from being washed away during heavy rains.
By utilizing river rock in these various applications, you can effectively manage drainage issues, protect your property from water damage, and create a more sustainable and attractive landscape. Rockscapes.net can provide you with the right type and size of river rock for your specific drainage needs.
**7. Can I Use River Rock For Erosion Control?**
Yes, river rock is an effective solution for erosion control, especially in areas prone to soil loss due to water runoff, wind, or steep slopes.
1. **Stabilizing Slopes:**
* River rock can be used to stabilize slopes by providing a protective layer that holds the soil in place. The weight and interlocking nature of the rocks prevent the soil from being washed away by rainfall or flowing water.
2. **Reducing Water Runoff:**
* The irregular surface of river rock helps to slow down the flow of water, reducing the erosive force of runoff. This allows water to infiltrate the soil more effectively, reducing the amount of surface water that can carry away topsoil.
3. **Protecting Soil Structure:**
* By covering exposed soil with river rock, you can protect the soil structure from the direct impact of raindrops, which can break down soil aggregates and make the soil more susceptible to erosion.
4. **Creating Terraces:**
* River rock can be used to create terraces on slopes, which are level platforms that reduce the overall steepness of the slope. This helps to slow down water flow and prevent soil erosion.
5. **Channeling Water Flow:**
* River rock can be used to create drainage channels or dry creek beds that direct water away from vulnerable areas. These channels prevent water from accumulating and eroding the soil.
6. **Preventing Wind Erosion:**
* In areas with high winds, river rock can help to prevent wind erosion by weighing down the soil surface and reducing the amount of loose soil that can be blown away.
7. **Combining with Vegetation:**
* For optimal erosion control, river rock can be combined with vegetation. The rocks provide immediate protection, while the plant roots gradually bind the soil together, providing long-term stability.
When using river rock for erosion control, it’s important to select the appropriate size and type of rock for the specific application. Larger rocks are generally more effective for stabilizing slopes, while smaller rocks are better suited for drainage channels and ground cover. Rockscapes.net can help you choose the right materials and provide guidance on proper installation techniques.
**8. How Do I Maintain A River Rock Landscape?**
Maintaining a river rock landscape is relatively simple, but regular care will keep it looking its best and ensure its functionality.
* **Weed Control:**
* Regularly remove weeds that grow between the rocks. Hand-pulling is effective for small areas, while a weed torch or herbicide can be used for larger areas. Applying a pre-emergent herbicide in the spring can help prevent weed growth.
* **Debris Removal:**
* Remove leaves, twigs, and other debris that accumulate on the surface of the rocks. A leaf blower or garden rake can be used for this purpose.
* **Rock Cleaning:**
* Over time, river rock can become dirty or stained. To clean the rocks, use a garden hose with a high-pressure nozzle to wash away dirt and grime. For stubborn stains, use a scrub brush and a mild detergent.
* **Re-Leveling:**
* Over time, the rocks may shift or settle, creating uneven areas. Use a shovel or rake to re-level the rocks and fill in any low spots.
* **Top-dressing:**
* Periodically add a fresh layer of river rock to maintain the desired depth and appearance. This is especially important in areas where the rocks have settled or been displaced.
* **Pest Control:**
* Monitor for pests such as ants or spiders that may nest under the rocks. Treat as necessary with appropriate insecticides.
* **Preventing Soil Erosion:**
* Inspect the edges of the river rock landscape for signs of soil erosion. Add more rocks as needed to prevent soil from washing away.
By following these simple maintenance tips, you can keep your river rock landscape looking beautiful and functioning properly for years to come. Rockscapes.net offers a variety of tools and materials to help you maintain your landscape.
**9. Can I Combine River Rock With Other Landscaping Materials?**
Yes, river rock combines beautifully with other landscaping materials to create diverse and visually appealing outdoor spaces.
* **Plants:**
* Pairing river rock with plants creates a natural and balanced look. Use river rock as a mulch around plants to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and add visual interest. Choose plants that complement the color and texture of the rocks.
* **Pavers and Stepping Stones:**
* Incorporate pavers and stepping stones into a river rock pathway or patio to create a more formal and functional space. The contrast between the smooth pavers and the textured rocks adds visual appeal.
* **Mulch:**
* Use river rock as a border around mulched areas to define the space and prevent mulch from spreading. The combination of textures and colors adds depth to the landscape.
* **Gravel:**
* Combine river rock with gravel to create a layered and textured ground cover. Use river rock in high-traffic areas for better stability and gravel in less-trafficked areas for cost-effectiveness.
* **Wood:**
* Pair river rock with wood elements such as fences, decks, and benches to create a warm and inviting outdoor space. The contrast between the natural wood and the textured rocks adds visual interest.
* **Boulders:**
* Incorporate larger boulders into a river rock landscape to create focal points and add a sense of scale and drama. The combination of different sizes and textures creates a more dynamic landscape.
* **Water Features:**
* Combine river rock with water features such as ponds, streams, and fountains to create a natural and serene environment. Use river rock to line the edges of the water feature and create a natural-looking streambed.
* **Landscape Lighting:**
* Add landscape lighting to highlight the texture and color of the river rock at night. Use spotlights to create dramatic shadows and path lights to illuminate walkways.
By combining river rock with other landscaping materials, you can create a unique and personalized outdoor space that reflects your style and enhances your property. Rockscapes.net offers a wide variety of materials and design ideas to inspire your creativity.
**10. Where Can I Purchase Quality River Rock In The USA?**
Purchasing high-quality river rock is essential for ensuring the longevity and aesthetic appeal of your landscaping project. In the USA, several reputable suppliers offer a wide selection of river rock to meet various needs.
* **Local Landscape Supply Stores:**
* Many local landscape supply stores carry a variety of river rock, allowing you to see and touch the materials before making a purchase. These stores often provide knowledgeable staff who can offer advice on selecting the right type and size of rock for your project.
* **Home Improvement Centers:**
* Large home improvement centers like The Home Depot and Lowe's offer river rock in bags or by the cubic yard. While the selection may be more limited than at specialty stores, these centers provide convenient access to materials and competitive pricing.
* **Online Retailers:**
* Online retailers such as Amazon and specialized landscaping websites offer a wide variety of river rock, often with the convenience of home delivery. Be sure to check customer reviews and product descriptions carefully to ensure you are getting the quality and type of rock you need.
* **Rockscapes.net:**
* Rockscapes.net is a premier landscape rock and supply superstore specializing in drought-tolerant landscaping materials, including a wide variety of river rock. We offer expert advice on designing your landscape with decorative rocks and can help you choose the perfect materials for your project. Visit our website or call us at (866) 380-0770 to learn more. Address: 1151 S Forest Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States. Phone: +1 (480) 965-9011.
When purchasing river rock, consider the following factors:
* **Quality:** Look for rocks that are clean, consistently sized, and free of debris.
* **Type:** Choose a type of river rock that complements your landscape design and meets your functional needs.
* **Price:** Compare prices from different suppliers to ensure you are getting the best value for your money.
* **Delivery:** Check the supplier's delivery options and fees to ensure the materials can be delivered to your location conveniently.
By choosing a reputable supplier and considering these factors, you can ensure you purchase high-quality river rock that will enhance the beauty and functionality of your landscape.
**11. What Is The Difference Between River Rock And Pea Gravel?**
River rock and pea gravel are both popular choices for landscaping, but they have distinct differences that make them suitable for different applications.
* **Size:**
* River rock is generally larger than pea gravel, ranging from 1 inch to several inches in diameter.
* Pea gravel is smaller, typically ranging from 1/4 inch to 5/8 inch in diameter, about the size of peas.
* **Shape:**
* River rock tends to be more irregular in shape, with varying degrees of roundness and angularity.
* Pea gravel is typically round and smooth due to natural weathering and tumbling.
* **Appearance:**
* River rock comes in a variety of colors and textures, offering a more natural and rustic look.
* Pea gravel is usually more uniform in color, often with a blend of earth tones.
* **Drainage:**
* Both materials provide good drainage, but river rock's larger size allows for better airflow and faster water flow.
* Pea gravel's smaller size can sometimes lead to compaction and reduced drainage over time.
* **Uses:**
* River rock is often used for decorative purposes, erosion control, drainage around foundations, and creating dry creek beds.
* Pea gravel is commonly used for pathways, playgrounds, dog runs, and as a base for pavers.
* **Cost:**
* River rock is generally more expensive than pea gravel due to its larger size and more varied appearance.
Here's a table summarizing the key differences:
| Feature | River Rock | Pea Gravel |
| :------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Size | 1 inch to several inches | 1/4 inch to 5/8 inch |
| Shape | Irregular, varying degrees of roundness and angularity | Round and smooth |
| Appearance | Variety of colors and textures, rustic look | Uniform color, earth tones |
| Drainage | Good, better airflow and faster water flow | Good, but can compact and reduce drainage over time |
| Uses | Decorative, erosion control, drainage, dry creek beds | Pathways, playgrounds, dog runs, base for pavers |
| Cost | Generally more expensive | Generally less expensive |
When choosing between river rock and pea gravel, consider the specific needs of your project, your budget, and the desired aesthetic. Rockscapes.net offers both river rock and pea gravel in a variety of sizes and colors to suit your landscaping needs.
**12. Do I Need Landscape Fabric Under River Rock?**
Whether or not you need landscape fabric under river rock depends on the specific goals of your landscaping project.
* **Weed Control:**
* Landscape fabric acts as a barrier that prevents weeds from growing up through the river rock. If weed control is a primary concern, landscape fabric is highly recommended.
* **Soil Separation:**
* Landscape fabric helps to separate the river rock from the underlying soil, preventing the rocks from sinking into the soil over time. This is especially important in areas with soft or unstable soil.
* **Drainage:**
* While landscape fabric allows water to pass through, it can sometimes impede drainage if it becomes clogged with soil or debris. Choose a high-quality, permeable fabric to minimize this risk.
* **Maintenance:**
* Landscape fabric can make maintenance easier by preventing the rocks from mixing with the soil and reducing the need for weeding.
* **Aesthetics:**
* Landscape fabric can improve the overall appearance of the river rock by preventing soil from discoloring the rocks and keeping them looking clean and fresh.
Here are some situations where landscape fabric is particularly beneficial:
* **Garden Beds:** Landscape fabric can help to suppress weeds and keep the soil separate from the river rock mulch.
* **Pathways:** Landscape fabric can prevent the rocks from sinking into the soil and creating uneven surfaces.
* **Erosion Control:** Landscape fabric can help to stabilize slopes and prevent soil erosion by providing a barrier that holds the soil in place.
Here are some situations where landscape fabric may not be necessary:
* **Drainage Areas:** If the primary purpose of the river rock is to improve drainage, landscape fabric may impede water flow and should be used with caution.
* **Naturalistic Landscapes:** In naturalistic landscapes where a more informal look is desired, landscape fabric may not be necessary.
* **Cost Considerations:** Landscape fabric adds to the overall cost of the project, so it may not be feasible for budget-conscious homeowners.
When using landscape fabric under river rock, follow these tips:
* **Choose a High-Quality Fabric:** Select a fabric that is permeable, durable, and UV-resistant.
* **Prepare the Soil:** Remove any existing weeds, rocks, and debris from the soil before installing the fabric.
* **Overlap the Edges:** Overlap the edges of the fabric by at least 6 inches to prevent weeds from growing through the seams.
* **Secure the Fabric:** Use landscape staples to secure the fabric to the soil and prevent it from shifting.
By considering these factors, you can determine whether landscape fabric is necessary for your river rock project and ensure its long-term success. For more advice on landscape fabric and other landscaping materials, visit rockscapes.net.
In summary, understanding how much river rock is in a ton is vital for the success of any landscaping project involving decorative stones. By considering factors such as the size and type of stone, the depth of coverage required, and the specific application, you can estimate the quantity accurately and ensure a cost-effective purchase. At rockscapes.net, we provide a comprehensive selection of river rock in various sizes, colors, and compositions, along with expert guidance to help you choose the best materials for your project.
Ready to transform your landscape with beautiful river rock? Explore our extensive collection at rockscapes.net and find the perfect stones to bring your vision to life. For personalized assistance and expert advice, contact our team today or visit our Tempe, Arizona location. Let rockscapes.net help you create the landscape of your dreams! Call us today at (866) 380-0770. Address: 1151 S Forest Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States. Phone: +1 (480) 965-9011.
**FAQ: River Rock Landscaping**
**1. How do I calculate how much river rock I need?**
Measure the area's length and width in feet, multiply to get square footage, decide on the desired depth in feet, and then multiply the area by the depth to determine the volume in cubic feet. Multiply that result by 100 to find the total weight in pounds, and divide by 2,000 to determine the number of tons needed.
**2. What size river rock is best for drainage?**
Larger river rocks, typically ranging from 2 to 5 inches, are best for drainage due to the ample space between the rocks, allowing water to flow freely.
**3. Can I use river rock instead of mulch?**
Yes, river rock can be used instead of mulch. It provides a durable, low-maintenance ground cover that helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
**4. How do I prevent weeds from growing in my river rock landscape?**
Use landscape fabric beneath the river rock to block weed growth. Regularly inspect the area and hand-pull any weeds that appear. Pre-emergent herbicides can also be applied.
**5. How often should I clean my river rock landscape?**
Clean your river rock landscape as needed, typically once or twice a year, to remove debris and dirt. Use a garden hose with a high-pressure nozzle to wash away grime.
**6. What are the best plants to pair with river rock?**
Plants that thrive in well-drained soil and complement the natural look of river rock, such as succulents, ornamental grasses, and drought-tolerant perennials, are best to pair.
**7. Is river rock suitable for pathways?**
Yes, river rock can be used for pathways, but smaller sizes (1/2 inch to 1 inch) provide a more comfortable walking surface.
**8. Can I use river rock in a water feature?**
Absolutely. River rock is a natural fit for water features like ponds and streams, enhancing their aesthetic appeal and providing habitat for aquatic life.
**9. Does river rock help with erosion control?**
Yes, river rock is effective for erosion control, particularly on slopes, by holding the soil in place and reducing the impact of rainfall.
**10. Where can I buy quality river rock?**
You can purchase quality river rock at local landscape supply stores, home improvement centers, online retailers, and specialty suppliers like rockscapes.net, which offers a wide variety of river rock and expert advice.